Tahukah kamu kemampuan menulis yang baik dan runtut termasuk salah satu jenis kecerdasan? Untuk meningkatkan kemampuanmu, ikutilah Kursus Bahasa Inggris agar semakin mahir.
Transitional words and phrases adalah komponen yang perlu kamu pahami untuk membuat tulisan yang bagus. Bagaimana menggunakan komponen tersebut dengan tepat?
Transitional words and phrases adalah
Transitional words and phrases adalah kata dan frasa yang menghubungkan kalimat, paragraf, hingga bagian dalam tulisan.
Transitional words and phrases membantu pembaca memahami hubungan logis antara bagian-bagian tulisan tersebut. Tidak sekadar embel-embel yang membuat tulisan mudah dibaca, kata dan frasa ini memiliki fungsi yang penting.
Tujuan transitional words and phrases
Transitions berfungsi memberitahu pembaca bagaimana berpikir dan bereaksi terhadap tulisanmu.
Contohnya melalui kata atau frasa transitional yang singkat kamu dapat memberitahu pembaca “Perhatikan contoh berikut ini!”, “Semuanya benar, kecuali…”, atau “Hal ini tampaknya benar, tetapi fakta sebenarnya adalah…”.
Melalui kata atau frasa singkat ini, pembaca akan memahami hubungan logis dalam gagasanmu, meskipun tidak dikatakan secara terang-terangan.
Cara kerja transitional words and phrases
Contohnya kamu hendak menulis tentang pemerintahan demokratis yang menggantikan era diktator. Namun kamu beranggapan era pemerintahan baru ini tidak sepenuhnya demokratis.
| Paragraph 1: | points that support the view that El Pais’s new government is very democratic. |
| Transition: | Despite the previous arguments, there are many reasons to think that El Pais’s new government is not as democratic as typically believed. |
| Paragraph 2: | points that contradict the view that El Pais’s new government is very democratic. |
Kata-kata transitional “Despite the previous arguments” meminta pembaca untuk tidak mempercayai paragraf A, tetapi mempertimbangkan argumen dalam paragraf B.
Daftar transitional words and phrases
Setiap transitional words and phrases memiliki fungsinya masing-masing.
| To indicate time sequence | after, afterward, after a while, as, ago, as long as, as soon as, at first, at last, at that time, before, during, earlier, eventually, finally, first, formerly, immediately, initially, instantly, in the meantime, in the past, last, later, meanwhile, next, now, previously, recently, second, shortly, simultaneously, since, so far, sometimes, soon, then, until, while, etc |
| To add information | additionally, also, and, as well as, besides, equally important, first (and so on), further, furthermore, in addition, not only, moreover, next, too, usually |
| To introduce examples or illustrative material | as an illustration, an illustration of this is, for example, for instance, in particular, including, namely, specifically, such as, to be specific, to illustrate |
| To indicate sequence or order | first, second, next, last, finally, first of all, at this point, previously, subsequently, and then, meanwhile, followed by after that, next, before, after, simultaneously, at this time, likewise, another, furthermore, again, besides … in addition to, also, similarly, moreover, etc. |
| To introduce opposite idea or show exception | however, even though, on the other hand, nevertheless, instead, in contrast, whereas, while, in spite of, despite, but, still, yet |
| To show cause and effect | therefore, thus, as a result of, consequently, because, since, hence, then, accordingly, as, due to, so, subsequently, resultantly, on account |
| To compare and contrast | similarly, similar to, in comparison, likewise, just like, also, on the other hand, in contrast, on the contrary, meanwhile, whereas, although, despite, still, however, differing from, unlike, balanced against, in a similar way as well, in the same way, by the same token, instead, yet, nonetheless, nevertheless, except, with the exception of, even though, etc. |
| To show evidence leading to conclusion | shows that, indicates that, proves that, entails that, implies that, establishes that, allows us to infer that, gives us reason to believe that |
| To indicate focusing | after all, in other words, especially, in particular, indeed, specifically, particularly, that is of particular interest, of special interest |
| To summarize or conclude | in summary, in conclusion, in brief, on the whole, summing up, therefore, hence, ultimately, to summarize, to conclude, in other words, thus, consequently, as a result, as shown, finally |
Contoh
The conditions for ANZAC troops at Gallipoli were dangerous and challenging. It was difficult to find a location that was safe from enemy fire (Macloud, 2004) as there was a constant threat from sniper fire and shrapnel (Hamilton, 2004). Furthermore, the Anzacs found themselves under frequent Turkish attack. Early in the campaign messages sent from Quinn to Monash’s headquarters indicated “how perilous the post’s defense remained a week after the landing” (Stanley, 2005). This constant tension was also accompanied by physical hardship. Food, ammunition, and water had to be distributed over difficult terrain (Hamilton, 2004), and the care of the injured was difficult. Additionally, the impossibility of burying the dead resulted in an outbreak of dysentery (Macloud, 2004). It is clear, therefore, that conditions for the ANZAC troops were difficult and dangerous.
