Kursus Academic English – Saat menulis atau berbicara, seringkali kita melakukan pengulangan yang dapat mengganggu audiens. Hal ini dapat kamu hindari dengan menggunakan joining words and phrases.
Perhatikan kalimat berikut; (a) She likes cookies. She likes cakes; (b) She likes cookies and cakes. Menurutmu, mana yang lebih nyaman dibaca?
Jika kamu merasa kalimat (b) lebih nyaman dibaca dan dipahami, kamu dapat mempelajari jenis-jenis joining words and phrases lainnya berikut ini.
Joining Words and Phrases
Joining words and phrases adalah kata atau frasa yang menggabungkan kata, frasa, klausa, dan gagasan yang berbeda. Hal ini membantu kita dalam menulis dan berbicara agar terkesan lebih mengalir.
Tulisan atau pembicaraan yang menggunakan joining words and phrases juga mempermudah audiens dalam memahaminya. Joining words and phrases memiliki istilah lain, yakni connecting words, linking words and phrases, transitional words, dan conjunctions.
Apa saja conjunctions yang dapat digunakan? Pelajari dalam artikel Conjunction adalah: Macam dan Contohnya.
Jenis-Jenis Joining Words and Phrases
Joining words and phrases dapat dikategorikan sesuai fungsinya dalam kalimat.
To Add (menambahkan informasi atau keterangan)
and, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, next, lastly, what’s more, moreover, in addition, first (second, etc.)
To Compare (membandingkan dua hal)
whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, by comparison, where, compared to, up against, balanced against, vis a vis, but, although, conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this may be true
To Prove (memberikan bukti, menyertakan alasan)
because, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in addition, in any case, that is
To Show Exception (menunjukkan pengecualian)
yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, of course, once in a while, sometimes
To Show Time (menunjukkan waktu atau urutan)
immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later, previously, formerly, first (second, etc.), next, and then
To Repeat (mengulangi)
in brief, as I have said, as I have noted, as has been noted
To Emphasize (menegaskan)
definitely, extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly, always, forever, perennially, eternally, never, emphatically, unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation
To Show Sequence (menunjukkan urutan)
first, second, third, and so forth, next, then, following this, at this time, now, at this point, after, afterward, subsequently, finally, consequently, previously, before this, simultaneously, concurrently, thus, therefore, hence, next, and then, soon
To Give an Example (memberi contoh)
for example, for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration
To Summarize or Conclude (merangkum atau menyimpulkan)
in brief, on the whole, summing up, to conclude, in conclusion, as I have shown, as I have said, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, as a result, consequently
Contoh Menggunakan Joining Words and Phrases
Pola yang umumnya ditemui dalam menggunakan joining words and phrases adalah sebagai berikut.
[Clause 1] + joining word/phrase + [Clause 2]
Perhatikan contoh berikut.
- She had no intention of attending the event, nor staying in the town.
- Women’s salaries are low vis-à-vis what men earn for the same work.
- The shirt looked good, moreover, the price was affordable.
- I knew he was a bad guy, nevertheless he was so charming.
- The government will pass the bill soon after the discussion ends.
- He will continue the project as he has said in the meeting.
- She was surprisingly calm when received the bad news.
- We will go to our parents’ house, then go to the beach together.
- To show the high risk that might occur, take the case of our sales report on the first quartile.
- The government knew there would be massive protests as a result of the bill passed.
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